{"id":87,"date":"2019-08-26T09:22:18","date_gmt":"2019-08-26T06:22:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sporplaza.com\/blog\/?p=87"},"modified":"2019-08-31T10:18:54","modified_gmt":"2019-08-31T07:18:54","slug":"karate-kisa-tarihcesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sporplaza.com\/blog\/karate-kisa-tarihcesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Karate K\u0131sa Tarih\u00e7esi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kavga et\u00a0sanatlar\u0131\u00a0tarihi; M.S. 540\u00a0senelerinde\u00a0halk\u00a0aras\u0131nda\u00a0Bodhidharma,\u00a0\u00c7in’de\u00a0Tamo\u00a0isimiyle\u00a0tan\u0131nan\u00a0Daruma\u00a0Taishi\u00a0isimli\u00a0Hintli\u00a0bir\u00a0rahib \u00c7in\u00a0\u0130mparatorunu\u00a0g\u00f6rmek\u00a0i\u00e7in\u00a0Hindistan’dan\u00a0\u00c7in’e\u00a0aylar\u00a0s\u00fcren\u00a0\u00e7etinseyahati\u00a0ile\u00a0ba\u015flar.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O\u00a0tarihlerde\u00a0\u00c7in\u00a0\u0130mparatoru\u00a0halk\u0131n\u00a0Budizmi\u00a0\u00f6\u011frenebilmesi\u00a0i\u00e7in\u00a0\u00fclkesindeki\u00a0Budist\u00a0rahiplere\u00a0Budist\u00a0metinleri,\u00a0Sanskrit\u00e7eden\u00a0\u00c7inceye\u00a0\u00e7evirttiriyordu\u00a0ve\u00a0\u0130mparator\u00a0bu\u00a0asil\u00a0projeninkendisini\u00a0Nirvana’ya\u00a0eri\u015ftirece\u011fini\u00a0d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.\u00a0Daruma\u00a0ise\u00a0ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0sizin\u00a0isminize\u00a0yap\u0131lan\u00a0iyiliklerin,\u00a0sizi\u00a0hedefinize\u00a0eri\u015ftirmeyece\u011fi\u00a0d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeydi,\u00a0bu\u00a0y\u00fczden\u00a0\u0130mparator’dan\u00a0ayr\u0131larakHonan\u00a0eyaletindeki\u00a0Budist\u00a0metinlerin\u00a0terc\u00fcmesinin\u00a0yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0manast\u0131ra\u00a0gitti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Efsanevi \u015eaolin Manast\u0131rlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n


Manast\u0131rdaki rahipler t\u00fcm g\u00fcn s\u00fcresince masalar\u0131n \u00fczerine e\u011filerek Budist metinlerini kay\u0131t ve \u00e7eviri ediyorlard\u0131. Hareketsizlikten b\u00fct\u00fcn eklemlerinde atrofi olu\u015fmu\u015ftu. Fiziksel ve zihni olarak o kadar k\u00f6relmi\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz vaziyetteydiler ki en kolay meditasyon egzersizini bile yapam\u0131yorlard\u0131. Daruma onlara v\u00fccuttaki ki (i\u00e7sel enerji) ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tertip eden ve fiziksel g\u00fcc\u00fc art\u0131ran bir dizi hareket \u00f6\u011fretti. Yoga hareketlerinin hafifletildi\u011fi bu hareketlerde Hindi-\u00c7in ikonografisindeki 18 ana hayvan\u0131n (ejder, kaplan, y\u0131lan, turna, maymun, peygamber devesi, pars vb.) hareketleri asal al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hareketler \u015eaolin Kung-fu stillerinin ve \u00c7in Kemposunun temelidir.Manast\u0131r, yanm\u0131\u015f bir orman\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7ine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130mparatorun bah\u00e7\u0131vanlar\u0131 manast\u0131r\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihlerde ormana yeni a\u011fa\u00e7lar da dikmi\u015flerdi. Bu y\u00fczden manast\u0131ra ‘Yeni Orman’ – \u015eaolin (Japoncas\u0131 ‘Shorin’dir) isimi verilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ryu Kyu Adalar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u015eu anda Japon topraklar\u0131 olan Ryu Kyu adalar\u0131 Japonya adas\u0131, Kore yar\u0131madas\u0131, \u00c7in ve Taiwan’\u0131n aras\u0131nda; Do\u011fu \u00c7in Denizinin tam ortas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ryu Kyu adalar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve daha \u00f6nceki Ryu Kyu Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n merkezi olan Okinawa Adas\u0131 konumundan dolay\u0131 as\u0131rlar s\u00fcresince Do\u011fu \u00c7in Denizindeki deniz ticaretinin merkezi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ryu
Ryu Kyu Adalar\u0131<\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

Okinawal\u0131lar \u00e7ok eskilerden beri Te<\/em><\/strong> ismini verdikleri el manan\u0131na gelen bir savunma sistemini \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131lar. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Karatenin orijini Okinawal\u0131lar\u0131n as\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde \u00c7in kavga et sanatlar\u0131n\u0131n tesiriyle de \u015fekillenen Te formuna dayanmaktad\u0131r. Okinawa adas\u0131nda Karatenin bu ilk formlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili hi\u00e7bir bilgi olmamakla beraber adaya gelen gezgin \u015eaolin rahipleri veyahut \u015eaolin manast\u0131rlar\u0131nda e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f Okinawal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan getirilmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi bir olas\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Elbette Te’nin Okinawa insan\u0131n\u0131n birikimlerinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 da bir olas\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. 1300’l\u00fc senelerde \u00c7in Tang Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Okinawa \u00c7in’in bir uydusu haline gelmi\u015fti. \u0130\u015fte bu tarihlerdedir ki \u00c7in k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yo\u011fun olarak tesirini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00c7in’den ticaret i\u00e7in gelen gemiler Okinawa’n\u0131n liman \u015fehirlerine yaln\u0131zca mallar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini de ta\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00c7inli gemiciler ve t\u00fcccarlarla adaya ta\u015f\u0131nan \u00c7in Kemposunun adada \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ile Te etkile\u015fimi ile ortaya melez bir sistem \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 : To-De ya da Karate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silahlar\u0131n Yasaklanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1429 seneninde Sho Hashi Okinawa’da karar s\u00fcren \u00fc\u00e7 krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 birle\u015ftirdi. 1477’de halefi Sho Shin Okinawa’daki feodalizmi y\u0131karak b\u00fct\u00fcn derebeylerini ba\u015f\u015fehir Shuri’ye toplad\u0131 ve askeri g\u00fc\u00e7ler haricindeki herkesin k\u00f6r b\u0131\u00e7aklar da dahil olmak \u00fczere silah ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. Bu yasaklama mukaddes ama\u00e7lar ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Sho Shin insanlar\u0131n sanat ve felsefe u\u011fra\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu. Lakin bu, silah olarak sadece \u00e7\u0131plak el ve ayaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Te’nin geli\u015fimini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17. as\u0131rda Ryu Kyu Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Japon Satsuma Kabilesi taraf\u0131ndan istila edildi. Bu Ryu Kyu Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sonuydu ve Okinawa Adalar\u0131 bir daha katiyen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanamad\u0131. Okinawal\u0131 Samurailar\u0131n silahlar\u0131na el konuldu ve silah edinmek, kullanmak ve ta\u015f\u0131mak yasakland\u0131. 1609 seneninde gelen bu yasak daha geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131yd\u0131 ve kavga et sanatlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Korsanlardan ve sald\u0131rganlardan savunma ihtiyac\u0131yla y\u00fczy\u00fcze gelen ve \u00e7\u0131plak ellerinden ba\u015fka silahlar\u0131 kalmayan samurailar Te \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verdiler. 300 seneden fazla s\u00fcren yasaklama d\u00f6neminde Karate asil s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sakl\u0131l\u0131kla ve yaln\u0131zca anlat\u0131m yoluyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Ustalar genelde aile bireylerinin veyahut akrabalar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplara \u00f6\u011fretiyordu ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 hi\u00e7bir kay\u0131t tutulmuyordu. \u00c7o\u011fu Okinawal\u0131 Karatenin nerede ve nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011fretildi\u011finden habersizdi. Silahlar\u0131n yasak olmas\u0131 Karatenin dejenere bir sanat olmas\u0131n\u0131 veyahut yaln\u0131zca kolay bir bedensel egzersiz formuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6nleyerek; uygulamada pratik ve tesirli olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ikinci yasa\u011f\u0131n Karatenin geli\u015fimini as\u0131l etkileyen d\u00f6nem oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Okinawal\u0131lar g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015flerinde, tar\u0131mda, avda kullan\u0131lan bo (sopa), kama (orak), surujin (bir ucuna a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ba\u011fl\u0131 av i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ip veyahut zincir – bolo), tonfa (kenar\u0131 tutamakl\u0131 k\u0131sa sopa), kuwa (\u00e7apa) gibi aletlerin \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir silah kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kobudo<\/em><\/strong> sanat\u0131n\u0131 da yeniden bu devrede geli\u015ftirmi\u015f olmal\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naha, Shuri ve Tomari<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Karate \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Okinawa’n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehrinde de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekilde geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015fehirlerdeki Te \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 giderek birbirlerinden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Shuri-Te, Naha-Te, Tomari-Te \u015feklinde \u015fehirlerin isimiyle an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Karate stilleri, bu \u015fehirlerin ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na birer ekol haline gelen Karate \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131rlar. Peki, aralar\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 kilometre mesafe olan bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehrin Karatelerini birbirlerinden farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran sebep nedir? Bu tamamiyle \u015fehirlerin farkl\u0131 toplumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u00c7in\u2019in a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Shotokan Dojosu<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Zamanla Okinawa Karate\u2019si iki ana gruba ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Shuri-Te ve Tomari-Te\u2019nin karakteristiklerini yans\u0131tan Shorin-Ryu<\/em><\/strong> ve Naha \u015fehrinden \u00e7\u0131kan Shorei-Ryu<\/em><\/strong>. Shorin, \u015eaolin\u2019in Okinawa dilinde okunu\u015fudur. Shorei ise ayn\u0131 kelimenin k\u0131rsal kesimlerde telaffuz edilen halidir ve her ikisi de \u2018Yeni Orman\u2019 manan\u0131na gelir. Bu isimler dahi Okinawa Karatesinin \u00c7in k\u00f6kenli d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sanatlar\u0131ndan ne kadar etkilendi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sakl\u0131 Kalm\u0131\u015f Bir \u0130nsanl\u0131k Kal\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Satsuma i\u015fgali 1875 seneninde bitti, Japonya Okinawa’y\u0131 bir eyaleti olarak tan\u0131d\u0131 ve d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015f sanatlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki sakl\u0131l\u0131k ortadan kalkt\u0131. 1902 seneninde bir Shuri-Te ustas\u0131 olan Yasutsune Itosu Okinawa halk\u0131na ilk Karate g\u00f6sterisini yapt\u0131. Sonralar\u0131 Usta Itosu\u2019nun gayretleriyle Karate Okinawa\u2019da ilkokullara beden e\u011fitimi dersi olarak girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okinawa sanat\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131tmak \u00fczere Japonya\u2019ya giden Gichin Funakoshi, 1917 seneninde Kyoto\u2019daki Butoku-den\u2019de bir Karate g\u00f6sterisi yapt\u0131. Bu ve takip eden g\u00f6steriler, Karate ilk kez Okinawa\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Karate tarihindeki en ehemmiyetli olaylard\u0131r ve pek\u00e7ok Japon\u2019u etkiledi. 1921\u2019de Funakoshi, Prens Hirohito\u2019ya bir ziyareti esnas\u0131nda Shuri Kalesinde bir Karate g\u00f6sterisi yapt\u0131. Bu Okinawa sanat\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a etkilenen Prens raporunda bundan s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Shuri
Shuri Kalesi <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1922 seneninde Judo\u2019nun kurucusu Dr. Jigoro Kano, Funakoshi\u2019yi \u00fcnl\u00fc Kodokan dojosunda bir g\u00f6steri yapmaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 etti ve Karate \u00f6\u011fretmek \u00fczere Japonya\u2019ya yerle\u015fmesini istedi. 1921\u2019de Choki Motobu, 1929\u2019da Kenwa Mabuni ve daha bir hayli Okinawal\u0131 Karate ustas\u0131 Japonya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek sanatlar\u0131 buraya ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Okinawal\u0131 ustalar asla sanatlar\u0131n\u0131n bir tak\u0131m kaideler alt\u0131nda sportif m\u00fcsabakalarda kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemi\u015flerdir.
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kavga et\u00a0sanatlar\u0131\u00a0tarihi; M.S. 540\u00a0senelerinde\u00a0halk\u00a0aras\u0131nda\u00a0Bodhidharma,\u00a0\u00c7in’de\u00a0Tamo\u00a0isimiyle\u00a0tan\u0131nan\u00a0Daruma\u00a0Taishi\u00a0isimli\u00a0Hintli\u00a0bir\u00a0rahib \u00c7in\u00a0\u0130mparatorunu\u00a0g\u00f6rmek\u00a0i\u00e7in\u00a0Hindistan’dan\u00a0\u00c7in’e\u00a0aylar\u00a0s\u00fcren\u00a0\u00e7etinseyahati\u00a0ile\u00a0ba\u015flar.\u00a0 O\u00a0tarihlerde\u00a0\u00c7in\u00a0\u0130mparatoru\u00a0halk\u0131n\u00a0Budizmi\u00a0\u00f6\u011frenebilmesi\u00a0i\u00e7in\u00a0\u00fclkesindeki\u00a0Budist\u00a0rahiplere\u00a0Budist\u00a0metinleri,\u00a0Sanskrit\u00e7eden\u00a0\u00c7inceye\u00a0\u00e7evirttiriyordu\u00a0ve\u00a0\u0130mparator\u00a0bu\u00a0asil\u00a0projeninkendisini\u00a0Nirvana’ya\u00a0eri\u015ftirece\u011fini\u00a0d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.\u00a0Daruma\u00a0ise\u00a0ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0sizin\u00a0isminize\u00a0yap\u0131lan\u00a0iyiliklerin,\u00a0sizi\u00a0hedefinize\u00a0eri\u015ftirmeyece\u011fi\u00a0d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeydi,\u00a0bu\u00a0y\u00fczden\u00a0\u0130mparator’dan\u00a0ayr\u0131larakHonan\u00a0eyaletindeki\u00a0Budist\u00a0metinlerin\u00a0terc\u00fcmesinin\u00a0yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0manast\u0131ra\u00a0gitti. Efsanevi \u015eaolin Manast\u0131rlar\u0131 Manast\u0131rdaki rahipler t\u00fcm g\u00fcn s\u00fcresince masalar\u0131n \u00fczerine e\u011filerek Budist metinlerini kay\u0131t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":103,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[39],"class_list":["post-87","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mucadele-sporlari","tag-karate","comments-off"],"yoast_head":"\nKarate K\u0131sa Tarih\u00e7esi - Spor Plaza Bisiklet ve Spor \u00dcr\u00fcnleri<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Karate tarih\u00e7esini k\u0131saca anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yaz\u0131ya buradan ula\u015fabiirsiniz Bu japon sava\u015f sanat\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l do\u011fdu\u011funu t\u00fcm spor severler merak eder diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sporplaza.com\/blog\/karate-kisa-tarihcesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Karate K\u0131sa Tarih\u00e7esi - 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